Not for lack of trying. Went to USC pre-law; after law school I passed the California Bar Exam. I was completely qualified to become a lawyer. But then I ran into the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. This was the Court that recently said the words "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance are "unconstitutional." This was only the latest in a long series of decisions which are hostile to religion. In 1998 I came before the Ninth Circuit Court with a brief written by three well-known professors of Constitutional Law and a former California State Supreme Court Justice. The court blocked my attempt to become an attorney by refusing to reverse the decision of a federal district court which declared that a 1945 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court barred me from practicing law. I believe America ought to be a nation "Under God." Can't have attorneys believing that, now can we?
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When it struck down the Pledge of Allegiance, the Ninth Circuit Court claimed it was only following Supreme Court precedents. Not true. The Ninth Circuit could have said the Flag Salute was constitutional, because thirty years ago it declared that "In God We Trust" and "So help me, God" were constitutional on the grounds that they were merely "patriotic" slogans and really had nothing to do with God or religion (Aranow v. U.S., 432 F.2d 242, 1970). Notre Dame Professor of Law Charles E. Rice writes,
| The Court requires government at all levels to maintain a neutrality between theism and non-theism which results, in practical effect, in a governmental preference of the religion of agnostic secularism. Justice Brennan argued, in his concurrence in the 1963 school prayer case, that the words "under God" could still be kept in the Pledge of Allegiance only because they "no longer have a religious purpose or meaning." Instead, according to Brennan they "may merely recognize the historical fact that our Nation was believed to have been founded 'under God." [Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203, 304, (1963).] This false neutrality would logically prevent an assertion by any government official, whether President or school teacher, that the Declaration of Independence—the first of the Organic Laws of the United States printed at the head of the United States Code—is in fact true when it asserts that men are endowed "by their Creator" with certain unalienable rights and when it affirms "the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God," a "Supreme Judge of the world" and "Divine Providence." |
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"The Constitution: Guarantor of Religion," in |
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Instead, the Court (maturing over the last 30 years in its hostility to religion) declared that the words "under God" really do have reference to theology, and are therefore unconstitutional. I believe all attorneys and politicians have a divine obligation to conduct their public affairs according to "the laws of Nature and of Nature's God," and that our nation is obligated to be a nation "Under God." Because of this, the legal system refused to allow me to become a member of the Bar, just as it (so far) will not allow school children to say those intolerant words "Under God."
And I'm willing to bet that you wouldn't be permitted to become an attorney either, even if you passed the Bar Exam and were otherwise completely qualified to receive your license -- provided you have a conscience, and are willing to let the legal system know it.*
| In fact, if you have a conscience, you would not be allowed to serve on a jury, much less become an attorney. Here's why: |
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I know a good man from Afghanistan. Twenty-five years ago he was imprisoned by the Communists. He was well known in Afghanistan, something of a hero. He's a hero in my eyes. He now lives in the United States. I've had dinner at his home. He is a great American,
and his family loves this country.
Suppose in 2008 the newly-created Office of Homeland Security determines that all Muslims are a threat to America's national security, and they all have 30 days to leave the country, after which time true Americans
must shoot any Muslim on sight. (If you think this is a ridiculous scenario, fine, but it will soon become a very vivid illustration. Hang with me for a minute.) I have been arrested and charged with treason for willful failure to shoot my Muslim friend. Both the law and the facts are
clear: the law says I should have killed my Muslim friend, and the fact is I didn't. (In fact, I wouldn't have killed any Muslim even if he were my enemy.)
You are now being interviewed as a potential juror on my case. You know me to be a fine person, and you know my Muslim friend was no enemy of America. You think I've been charged with violating a very, very bad law. Not just an "unconstitutional" law, but
an unethical law. An immoral law. You have a conscience, and your conscience will not allow you to do anything which would send me to prison or the firing squad for failure to kill a good person. You know in your heart that as a juror you will not vote "guilty" regardless of the
law or the facts in my case. Once in the Jury Room, you will also attempt to persuade the other jurors to vote "not guilty," to send a message to the government that this is a very bad law. You hope that juries across America will nullify
this bad law.
If you tell the court that you intend to vote your conscience regardless of the law or the facts, you will not be allowed to serve on the jury. "You're excused," the court will tell you, and send you home.
"You're excused" is what the California State Bar told me, along with every court all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court. In America today, anyone who places God (or his own conscience) above the decrees of the government cannot be an attorney (unless he keeps his mouth shut about his having a conscience). Anyone who would publicly announce with the Apostles, "We must obey God rather than man," cannot become a lawyer, a draftsman for the county, a certified elevator inspector -- even a naturalized American citizen, according to numerous court cases.
This situation is, in my opinion, merely the tip of the iceberg. This page contains links that spread out to over 300 webpages, including historical documents from early American history, court cases all the way up to the Supreme Court, and pleadings from my own case, the only case I ever litigated. These materials show that we have lost a great deal of the virtue and greatness that was once America. I hope you find these pages interesting, challenging -- maybe even encouraging.
In order to become an attorney in California, one is required by statute to take the following oath:
| I solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of an attorney and counselor at law to the best of my knowledge and ability. |
This seems fairly innocuous. It is well known that many who have taken this oath have never even read the Constitution. But a Christian (and by implication, anyone with a conscience) is prohibited by law from taking this oath. If you're ready for the civics class you never had in government-run schools, keep reading.
Law |
History |
| Years ago, a Christian named Clyde Summers wanted to become an attorney. The United States Supreme Court ruled that as a Christian he could not take the oath to "support the Constitution." Why not?
A Christian places God above the State. The Court held that a Christian would be lying if he said he supported the Constitution, because he really supports God above the Constitution. Any obedience he gives to the Constitution is only because God tells him to do
so, and if God ever told the Christian not to obey Caesar, the Christian "must obey God rather than man."
Read the case. There's a certain logic here. Here is a parable illustrating the conflict. I tried to argue that this case was a bad decision, and that doubt had been cast on its validity in subsequent decisions, and that this case should not be followed, but a federal district court said the case was still good law, and that I should not be permitted to take the oath to "support the Constitution." That court was correct; the judge was fair. The more research I did, the more hopeless it appeared. This case may be obscure, but it is not an anomaly. It represents the tip of an iceberg of Supreme Court decisions that have quietly converted America from a nation "under God," to a government that thinks it is god. If my case sounds like the makings of a nutty conspiracy theory, I respect your good sense and patriotism. But the case law* is against you, as it was against me. To appreciate that case and the tectonic shift in values it represents, it is necessary to review the cases it cites, and trace those cases back to cases at the time the Constitution was ratified, and even further back. For the history lesson you never received in government schools, click here. * "case law" means previous court decisions, which function as law, just like the statutes of the legislature. |
In 1892 the U.S. Supreme Court declared that America was "a Christian nation." The case was Holy Trinity Church vs. United States, and it involved a New York church that wanted to hire a
pastor from England. Federal immigration authorities tried to stop the church under a statute prohibiting the importation of cheap manual labor. The U.S. Supreme Court said it was wrong to apply this statute to churches and pastors because "this is a Christian nation." The
Court described the Christian roots of America in the last half of its opinion. The Court's history lesson is available here.
Things have changed dramatically since 1892. This case was overruled in 1931 (U.S. v. Macintosh). A pastor from Canada wanted to become an American citizen. The Holy Trinity case should have been applied here. Like the Apostles, this was one of those "radical" "subversive" Christians who "must obey God rather than man." The Supreme Court, in a truly hideous opinion, declared that allegiance to God took second place to allegiance to the State. The Court said the oath to "support the Constitution" (which the Canadian pastor was willing to take) required "unqualified allegiance to the nation and submission and obedience to the laws of the land" even if these laws directly contradicted the Law of God. This case represents the complete overthrow of everything America once stood for. There's more: By its very nature, an oath (such as the oath to "support the Constitution") is religious: a solemn statement made to (and in the presence of) God. At least it used to be religious. Atheists who opposed hearing "so help me God" in public succeeded in having the oath legally redefined into an act of "ceremonial deism." But back in 1844, the U.S. Supreme Court, in holding that the government must teach the Bible in government-operated schools, had declared that "deism" was a form of "infidelity." The modern secular oath is therefore now a declaration that one is not faithful to God. |
As I said above, a Christian (and by implication, anyone with a conscience) is prohibited by law from taking this oath. Discovering this, I also concluded that no Christian (or anyone with a conscience) should want to take this oath.
Given the fact that I was barred by the U.S. Supreme Court from taking an oath to "support the Constitution," and given the fact that I refused to participate in an act of "ceremonial deism," I asked for a modification of the oath required in California in my case only (not to be imposed on everyone) as follows:
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I was not permitted to take such an oath. This is why I am not an attorney.
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(1
). This phrase is taken from the old Delaware Constitution, Article 22 (adopted Sept. 20, 1776), 1 Del. Code Ann. 117 (Michie, 1975). The relevant portion reads:Every person who shall be chosen a member of either house, or appointed to any office or place of trust . . . shall . . . make and subscribe the following declaration, to wit: "I ________, do profess faith in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ His only Son, and in the Holy Ghost, one God, Blessed for evermore; and I do acknowledge the holy scripture of the Old and New Testaments to be given by divine inspiration."
(2). This phrase is taken from the U.S. Supreme Court opinion in Law Students Civil Rights Research Council, Inc. v. Wadmond, 401 U.S. 154 at 166, 91 S.Ct. 720 at 728, 27 L.Ed.2d 749 (1971). I offered to use "gender-inclusive language" if the State Bar insisted.
(3). This phrase meets some of the requirements stated by the Court in U.S. v. Schwimmer, 279 U.S. 644, 49 S.Ct. 448, 73 L.Ed. 889 (1929).
(4). This was obviously a major concern of the oath to "support the Constitution" throughout American history:
Pre-American Common Law: Imbrie v. Marsh, 3 N.J. 578 at ---, 71 A2d 352 at 357, 363, 18 ALR2d 241 at 247, 253 (1950)(rival sovereigns);
Revolutionary America [Article VI, Section 3]: Imbrie at A2d 364, ALR2d 255; (England);
Civil War Era: Cohen v. Wright, 22 CalRptr 297 at 299 (1863)(brief for appellant), 307, 310, 311, 330; Cummings v. Missouri, 71 U.S. 277 at 317, 327, 18 L.Ed 356 at 361, 364 (1867); Imbrie v. Marsh at A2d 365, ALR2d 256 (the Confederacy);
Cold War Era: Konigsberg (I) v. State Bar of California, 353 U.S. 252 at 298, 77 S.Ct. 722 at 745 (1957); cf. Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109 at 130n31, 79 S.Ct. 1081 at 1095n.31 (1959); cf. Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board,
367 U.S. 1 at 5-9, 13-14, 51-55, 57, 81 S.Ct. 1357 at 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1368, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390 (1961); Elfbrandt v. Russell, 384 U.S. 11 at 21, 86 S.Ct. 1238 at 1243 (1966); cf. Wilkinson v U.S. 365 U.S. 399 at 401, 404n5, 81 S.Ct 567 at 569, 571n5 (1961)(the
Soviet Union);
Present: Imbrie at A2d 354, 355, 371, ALR2d 244, 245, 362; Speiser v. Randall, 357 U.S. 513 at 515-16, 78 S.Ct. 1332 at 1336 (1958).
(5). This last phrase is found in the current oath required by statute of all California attorneys. The duties of an attorney are set forth in Calif. Business and Professions Code § 6068 and discussed here. One of these duties is:
(d) To employ, for the purpose of maintaining the causes confided to him or her such means only as are consistent with truth, and never to seek to mislead the judge or any judicial officer by an artifice or false statement of fact or law.
Some people -- even some attorneys -- told me to "just go ahead and take the oath" and "get it over with." But it would be a "false statement of fact or law" for me to say that I was permitted to take the required oath, as the judge in federal court rightly observed, citing the Summers case. It struck me as ironic that my very first act as an attorney would be to violate the duties of an attorney by falsely declaring that I was permitted by Courts to take the oath.
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